FINAL TEST RESEARCH PAPER RIZKI R. TSANI
0
POLITICAL INFLUENCE FOR SOCIETY
In terms of the origin of the word
politics is derived from the Greek language "polis" which means city
is a city, and from the word policy can be obtained some words, including:
polities (citizens), politikos (citizenship), politike episteme (political
science) and Politicia (state government). So if we review from the origin of
the word political understanding in general can be said that politics is "activity in a political system or
State concerning the process of determining the purpose of the system and how
to carry out its purpose".
Yet many versions of the political sense are:
1. Politics is the variety of activities
of a political system (state) which involves the process of determining the
objectives of the Indonesian system and implementing those goals. (Mirriam
Budiharjo)
2.
Politics is a struggle for power /
technique of exercising powers / issues of execution and control of power /
formation and use of power. (Isjwara)
3. Politics is the institutionalization
of interpersonal relations instituted in
various
political bodies both the political superstructure and political
infrastructure.
(Sri Sumantri)
4.
Politics is an effort undertaken
by citizens to realize the common good. (Aristoteles)
Looking at many versions of the political sense, then it can
be concluded briefly that "politics is a strategy / way or tactic to
achieve a certain goal."
Politics is one of the most significant
aspects in the sustainability of a country. The good and bad development of a
country depends on the political system used and the subject or perpetrator of
the political system. Often we see, people who always menggebor-peb-pebulian
political purity but in fact he is also the manipulation of purity in political
practice. This shows that in the politics of our country there is always a very
sensitive area of morality, so often the perpetrators are incapable of being
consistent with the stated purpose or principle. The positive political
influence for the community, among others:
First, the Stability of Political
Infrastructure. With the success of party politics which has been able to be
grouped socio-political forces into two Political Parties and one Working Group
can be prevented the division of the Indonesian nation both mentally
ideologically and physically into various groups. Law No. 3 of 1975 on political
parties and working groups has solidified the grouping and ended the system of
many parties in Indonesia, a condition which Indonesia has never achieved in
the past. The same is true of social organization which is also an important
component of our political infrastructure. According to Article 2 paragraph (1)
of Law no. 8 year 1985 about social organization, social organization based on
Pancasila as the only principle. Associated with the Unity of Indonesia,
Pancasila democracy requires the integration of the nation and the blood of
Indonesia, as well as demanding National identity, National personality and
National stability. National integrity and national stability is a requirement
for the realization of the power of the nation which in turn can be fostered
towards the creation of National Resilience.
Second, Supra Structure Political
Stability. With supra political structure, consisting of constitutional
institutions, namely the Supreme State institution will create stabbilitas or
steadiness because supra political structure is supported by a stable infra
political structure as well. The people, both in groups which subsequently
constitute socio-political forces, or individually can participate in
government through their representatives. Thus it means that the political
system and also the Government mechanism can fulfill its function, namely:
1.
Maintain the pattern, in the sense
of maintaining the rules, customs, norms and procedures applicable.
2. Resolving tensions, in the sense of
reconciling disagreements, conflicts and disagreements that always arise in
society in ways and procedures that can satisfy all parties at best.
3.
Adapt to changes, in the sense of
having a great adaptability to adjust to developments that occur both within
the community itself and abroad.
4.
Able to achieve National
objectives, in the sense of crystallizing the wishes of community members into
a national goal that must be achieved and determining ways to achieve goals.
Integrating, in the sense of being able to guarantee the integrity of the
social system itself.
Third, National Leadership Strong and
Authoritative. The form of a presidential central government organization is
intended to gain a strong and authoritative leadership of the government as
well as a national leader that provides a dynamic guidance to the community.
This powerful and authoritative National Leader is indispensable for
desintegrative and destructive in an intensive and constructive direction on
the basis and according to the spirit and spirit of Pancasila democracy. Often
there is a great upheaval that plagued the Indonesian people, who on the one
hand faced the situation of poverty and on the other hand experienced confusion
about identity and culture itself.
Fourth, Clean Effective and Efficient
Government. Such a government is capable of organizing democratic government,
able to improve the standard of living of the people, and able to implement a
free and active foreign policy that supports the national interest and that
contribute to world order based on independence, eternal peace and social
justice. Pancasila democracy in the field of Supra political structure
(constitutional institutions) based on the mechanism set forth in the 1945 Constitution
can create a clean, effective and efficient government. This is due to: The
existence of the control of the House of Representatives against the
government, both executive control, tax control and financial control, The
existence of unity between the leadership of the nation, government and holders
of supreme power of ABRI, which can guarantee effective and efficient
government in a strong sense able to act quickly and precisely.
Fifth, Political Awareness, National
Discipline and Social Dynamics. National political awareness and discipline is
needed to create positive, constructive and accommodative social dynamics.
Conveying opinions, controlling and using other political rights must be based
on political awareness and national discipline so as not to cause anxiety,
tension, shock and so on which in extreme circumstances can develop into social
upheaval that clearly disrupt the National Resilience in general and in the
field of politics in particular . In democracy Pancasila freedom must be
accompanied by a sense of responsibility. By implementing Pancasila democracy
and by preparing supra political structure in accordance with the spirit and
spirit of Pancasila democracy, it can be enhanced political awareness, national
discipline and social dynamics of society.
Because this political issue is a
significant problem whose solution we might not find spontaneously, but there
needs to be a deeper and more radical review and analysis in solving this
problem. There are some political problems that often occur in society,
including:
First, an unstable system of government.
When the political temperatures can not go well where the politics of politics
are chaotic, the underlying things happen is the system of government is also
chaotic, the government policies are unstable, often overlap and too many
prominent personal interests rather than the common interest to prosper the
life of the nation.
Second, Easy to be pre-location. The
emergence of much upheaval or unrest both personally and organization, because
it feels that their interests should be prioritized rather than other
interests, issues that have not been properly verified because of the less
stable conditions so quickly responded and responded with negative judgments.
Third, the level of people's trust in the
government declined. The public prefers to believe what they see than what the
political elite reveals that the level of public confidence declines,
eventually ignoring what the government decides for the benefit of the nation,
for example: fuel is increased with the aim of citizens who can afford to buy
Non-subsidized fuel but in fact many luxury cars are still using subsidized
fuel.
Fourth, Suffering for the people. The
unstable situation of the situation affects all sectors of the nation's
economy, and as a result the rising prices of basic commodities without
offsetting a good inflationary value, results in an increase in the suffering
of the people, which leads to an increase in unemployment rate with increasing
poverty, due to the inability to follow the economic turmoil tall one.
Political aspect is one aspect that will
determine the progress of a country, in addition to economy and military. Many
countries in the world that later became a large and growing country because of
its agility in politics, such as the US that we may all have believed in
political agility. All policies that the US does, will in any way affect the
policies of other countries in the world, be they policy in the economic,
social, cultural, and military. We see the reality that exists, the US today
becomes a country that has universal political power. In the economic field,
its capitalist system is used and adopted by almost all countries of the world.
Then its political system, its military, etc. Almost every country in the world
try to apply in its country life system. What about our country? Undoubtedly, a
country that is said to be a diverse country whether it varies in the form of
ethnies, cultures, languages, religions, etc. Its diversity greatly influences
the political ethics of the country. How not, those who later dabbled in the
political world with the aim of bringing change to Indonesia, but in fact when
the opportunity he gained that goal seemed erased by the existing system, and
the majority of them wanted change only to facilitate political interests for
his group. Most of them can not defend the idealism they want to achieve. In a
short sense, the absence of consistency from the culprit. Again this shows that
in politics there is a very sensitive area of morality, and its sensitivity
can be caused by the practice of manipulation that has become the tradition of
our founding fathers, money laundry practices that are now booming discussed, KKN which has become custom, Money Politic,
etc. However, here we are not entitled and less wise if we judge political
actors with a negative predicate, because many of them are then struggling to
change and bring changes and reforms in the political system in our country.
Sources:
Sources:
Minto
rahayu, pendidikan kewarganegaraan, grasindo 2007, hal 87
Ramlan
surbakti, Memahami Ilmu politik, grasindo, hal 2
Faissal
baasir, Etika Politik, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2003
Go
Piet, O.Carm, dkk.,
2004. Etos & Moralitas Politik, Kanisius,
yogyakarta.
Ida
pandita Mpu widya kerrthi, Etika politik menurut hindu, www.
Blogspot.com
Belajar
Budhisme, bentuk-bentuk pendidikan politik budhis, wwe.
Blogspot.com
Saut
sirait, Politik Kristen di Indonesia, BPK Gunung Mulia, cet 4 , 2011, hal 238
LAI, Alkitab
terjemahan baru , LAI 1974
Prof. M Budiarjho dkk, Dasar-dasar ilmu politik, gramedia pustaka utama, jakarta hal xii
Prof. M Budiarjho dkk, Dasar-dasar ilmu politik, gramedia pustaka utama, jakarta hal xii
final test research paper
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THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH AND LIFE
by
Sansan Arisandi
English
Erik Candra Pertala M.Hum
9 July 2018
OUTLINE
Thesis: The smartphone has the negative effect on children physical and psyche.
I. Introduction
A. The smartphone
B. The smartphone advantage
C. The survey of using the smartphone
II. The impact of Smartphone to children live
A. The effects for children physical,
B. The children psyche
III. Problem and Solution
A. Problem
a. The parent never cares for the children when playing smartphone
b. The parent to allow the children to always playing smartphone
B. Solution
a. Management of a child daily activities
b. Invite the children to exercise sensory and motor
c. Control the content has been plays.
IV. Conclusion
V. Work Cited
A smartphone is a very important thing to many people in this era because which is give them many benefits to their life. A smartphone is the type mobile phone which can be distinguished by other means of communication usually, it is how to making and how to do it (William Wood). A smartphone is mobile with many contents such as memory, screen, microprocessor, and built-in modem (Williams dan Sawyer (2011)) . A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps (en.oxforddictionaries.com). A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi (en.wikipedia.org). In general, Smartphone is the type of mobile has many features of mobile usually until the smartphone don’t to use by other means of communication that can be used to business(entrepreneur) by media entrepreneurs or by society at large(Ridi Ferdiana (2008). Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the smartphone as “a cell phone that includes additional software functions (as e-mail or an Internet browser)”( Merriam-Webster dictionary).
The smartphones, being a very new invention of humanity, became an inherent part of human’s life. The smartphone combines different sophisticated features. It allows users to keep pictures, memories, personal info, correspondence, health and financial data in one place. Smartphones also became an integral part of modern telecommunications facilities. In some regions of the world, they are the most reliable or only of available phones. The phones allow people to maintain continuous communication without interruption of their movements and distances. The smartphone has many advantages for everyone such as instant communication because it has the paved the way to SMS, text messaging, call, video chat, and apps that allow people to instantly communicate to everyone across the globe. The smartphone has the web surfing for research and access wensites. The smartphone has the camera. The camera ranked third as the most important consideration for consumers in buying a smartphone (2014 Comtech study). There are more than 63.7 million people in North America use smartphones for gaming (Based on the 2016 statistics).
Smartphones and handheld devices (HHD) combine advanced computing capability, such as internet communication, information retrieval, video, e-commerce and other features, that makes the device is one of the necessities for many people. “Mass cell phone mobilization” covered humanity probably ten or fifteen years ago. According to GSMA Intelligence, the number of mobile devices is 7.22 billion while the US Census Bureau says this figure is still between 7.19 and 7.2 billion. A survey by common sense Media of Philadelphia reveals that children ranging in age from 4 years old already have their own mobile device without parental supervision. That survey was filled by 350 African-Americans who mostly had low incomes. According to the head of the research, Hilda Kabal one-third parent whose children aged 3-4 years old admitted his son happy to use more than one mobile device. The most parent also stated, their children under the age of one year tend to use gadgets to play games. If the children can not escape from digital candy, we can not measure what the consequences are about their social development. The growing number of smartphones and smartphone owners raises a concern about phones’ effect on human health and life, especially for children health and life.
The highlights of this research include recent scientific facts and research analysis of the smartphones on children health and life. The author also discusses the disadvantages of smartphones’ usage by children and brings examples of those who refuse to use smartphones. The main key points discussed in the research paper are the negative effect of children health such as; the negative effect of childhood physical; the negative effect of the psyche..
“These days we have Smartphones, Smart cars, Smartboards, Smart everything, but consider this: if the technology is getting smarter, does that mean humans are getting dumber?” (Rebecca McNutt).
The negative effect of children physical
The smartphone gives many effects to children health. The effects of such smartphones can even endanger their lives such us the effect of blue light on their eyes, their activities. Many experts and sources say the effect of the smartphone of health. Consultant surgeons and eye diseases at Luton & Dunstable university hospital, Allon Barsam said children who stared at the cell phone screen every day will be blinded as they mature ( Allon Barsam). There is also research that shows that smartphone users at risk of faster use of glasses. Presbyopia or inability to see objects in close proximity will occur at the end of 40 years old. Therefore they need the glasses (Allon Barsam). According to an eye specialist at SMEC Jakarta eye clinic Dr. Ihksan Revino, SpM, “The eyes used to see gadgets like computers, smartphones or tablets for a long time and without rest can cause asthenopia(tired eyes), “ He said as quoted by Antara, Friday(17/10). Asthenopia is a slow pupil reacting to light because it has been over-exposed to light and its severe impact can lead to cylindrical (astigmat). He says, usually, patients are not aware of the conditions and they just go see an eye doctor after their eyes have more serious problems. The same thing is expressed one of the practitioners of SMEC, Dr and Canara Sari, SpM, that the eye is a very vital organ, and is an unfortunate level of public awareness to check out the early eight-end. In the case of children also usually they to the eye doctor after realizing there is a problem in their eyes. Most cases of children I handle are myopia because they use gadgets too often,” says Canara. “No one knows for sure at this point if prolonged use of digital devices actually causes permanent damage to the eyes,” explained Gary Heiting, OD, senior editor of AllAboutVision.com, “but it’s well established that it causes eye strain and discomfort.” Digital eye strain, sometimes referred to as computer vision syndrome is well documented. If you’ve ever experienced dry or irritable eyes, blurred vision, eye fatigue, or head, neck and back pain after using a computer or smartphone, then you’re familiar with it. A 2015 report from The Vision Council, Hindsight Is 20/20/20: Protect Your Eyes from Digital Devices, found that 61 percent of Americans have experienced eye strain after prolonged use of electronic devices — nearly 2 out of every 3 people. Long-term damage or not, we have an outbreak of eye strain on our hands. Long-term damage from using a smartphone to eyes is because they emit HEV light (also called blue light), staring at phone and tablet screens may actually harm our eyes permanently. HEV light is that portion of the visible light spectrum that comprises light with the shortest wavelengths, which carry the greatest potential to damage living tissue. “Many eye care providers are concerned about the potentially damaging effects of high-energy visible (HEV) light emitted by digital devices because laboratory and animal studies have shown exposure to high levels of HEV light can damage tissue in the retina of the eye in a way that appears consistent with retinal changes associated with macular degeneration, a leading cause of permanent vision loss in older adults,” says Dr. Heiting. “But no one knows for sure at this point if prolonged use of digital devices causes sufficient exposure to HEV light to cause permanent eye damage.” Optician Andy Hepworth said: "Blue-violet light is potentially hazardous and toxic to the back of your eyes. "So over a long period of time, it can potentially damage your eyes.” "When you're looking at a smartphone, the light peaking out of that is blue-violet." He says tests have found that overexposure to blue-violet light has the potential to put us at greater risk of macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness.
“It's the combination of not blinking enough and bringing the device closer than you normally look at objects - it strains your eyes” (Andy Hepworth)
Opticians say that, although "good" blue light (blue-turquoise) is needed to help regulate biological clocks, it is also thought that extensive exposure to blue-violet light can be disrupting sleep patterns and affect moods.
"Although we don't know if there's a direct link with it creating eye problems, there is strong lab evidence it can potentially do that," Andy added.
"It's the combination of not blinking enough and bringing the device closer than you normally look at objects - it strains your eyes."
Neck strain“Text neck” is a repetitive strain injury or RSI you get from remaining in the posture of looking down at a screen for too long. When you are looking down at a smartphone, extra weight and strain is added on the neck. Over a period of time, it can build into quite a lot of pain. There will also be strain placed on the back muscles, especially if the young one is hunched over an iPad while lying down. Try to maintain good posture and sit upright, it’s better for the eyes too!
Eye strain is the pain and discomfort that comes with staring at digital screens for more than two hours with no breaks. Eyes can get tired and vision can get blurry.
Dr. Lim Kai Hung, a family physician at Lifescan Medical Centre tells us that “digital eye strain” is increasingly common amongst young children in Singapore. In fact, he believes children under 2 should not be allowed any screen time. Parents with children above the age of 2 should limit their exposure to screen time, totaling a maximum of one or two hours a day. And while doing so, it would be ideal if they can take a few minutes to break in between periods of screen time — for instance, every 20 minutes — so that they can rest their eyes and focus on something further away. And not LED-lit.
Finger cramps similar to neck and back strains, when muscles are worked out for too long with close to no break in between, you get your “iPad hand” and “text claw”. These are names for conditions where the pain is experienced in the hands from the same repetitive motion. In more serious cases, fingers may even seize up in carpal-tunnel syndrome.
The emergence of hearing losses is too long to encourage speakers. Users who mean 10 minutes or more a day can increase the risk of getting hearing loss.
Abnormalities of posture. Usually, arthritis disorders and other degenerative diseases are commonly found at 49-50 years old. But also found in young smartphone users due to the wrong posture.
A physiotherapist, Kirsten Lord said the smartphone can change the posture, he saw many people having neck or shoulder pain due to a head position that is too jutting forward when reading something on the phone or tablet. “This position is the top of the spine and presses the nerves connected to your head. Consequently, you can feel stiff, tired, or a headache,” said Lord.
The negative effect to children psych
Smartphone addiction. The fun that comes when receiving e-mail, SMS, or messages allegedly will cause pleasure for the crackberry, the term for the enthusiast blackberry gradually this will cause addiction. Research conducted by a team of Rutgers University mentions, to cure smartphone addict, the therapy used the same as therapy for drug addicts.
Reduce productivity, a research conducted by a team of MIT Sloan School of Management Tahun 2007 showed BlackBerry users have a negative on the work environment, such as not meeting the deadlines due to the concentration that is divided between work and the smartphone. The case is similar to the case of children who love to play smartphones so their concentration is divided between learning focus of their learning and their playfulness.
Damaging social relationships, you often think that your smartphone facilitates your communication better, but according to a psychologist at the University of Bedfordshire, Emma Short, technology can make it difficult for you to manage the boundaries of your life. The more you engage with social networking activities, such as twitters and facebook, the less quality time you give your friends, lovers, and colleagues. Then, you need to limit the use of smartphones at certain times, such as when eating and hanging out with family, to keep your relationship up.
So the huge impact of smartphones on human life and especially for children, because they still have a weak body and are vulnerable to the negative impact of smartphone.there are some solution for children living below.
The solution of the children health so as not to be affected by the bigger by smartphone is Management of a children daily activities. Management daily activities of children life is the good step to minimize the big effect to the children health. Give the children time for playing smartphone 15-30 minute once a week. Do not hold the smartphone with children at night or when going to bed because it is harmful to their brains.
Invite the children to exercise sensory and motor, this step is next step can improve the sensory and motoric performance of the child. Many steps for improving the sensory and motoric performance of the child is to invite the children playing the outside or playing the traditional game like the marbles, congklak, enggrang, etc. To improve the sensory and motoric we can invite the children for painting the picture or drawing. This step is very good for children health and improves their creativities.
Control the content has been plays. Then the parent should keep control of the application the children play. That is works so that children avoid pornographic content. Because the pornographic content can give the big effect for their life. That content will damage their brain neural networks.
A smartphone is a very important thing to many people in this era because which is give them many benefits to their life. A smartphone is the type mobile phone which can be distinguished by other means of communication usually, it is how to making and how to do it (William Wood). However, the smartphone has the big effect on life. On the back that effect, of course, there is a solution that can be done.
Works Cited
Leonid Miakotko“The Impact of smartphone and mobile devices on human health and life” https://www.nyu.edu/classes/keefer/waoe/miakotkol.pdf
Widya yunita, Niken. 2018“Begini Cara Ampuh Agar Anak Mau Beralih dari Gadget” https://www.haibunda.com/aktivitas/d-4051580/begini-cara-ampuh-agar-anak-mau-beralih-dari-gadget.
‘7 Risiko Kesehatan yang Mengintai Akibat Pemakaian Gadget Tanpa Kontrol” https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/2310738/7-risiko-kesehatan-yang-mengintai-akibat-pemakaian-gadget-tanpa-kontrol 22 Jul 2013
Indonesia Student. “4 Pengertian Smartphone Menurut Para Ahli [Lengkap].”
Richard Munoz. “8 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Smartphone Technology.” https://www.mobilecon2012.com/8-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-smartphone-technology/ 2018
Kok, Ashley. “5 physical effects of smartphone addiction on kids” https://www.smartparents.sg/child/activities-and-play/5-physical-effects-of-6324716 03 May 2016
“Smartphone overuse may 'damage' eyes, say, opticians.” http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/26780069/smartphone-overuse-may-damage-eyes-say-opticians/ 24 mar 2014.
Susanto Andi dwi. “Smartphone dan gadget lain berbahaya bagi mata”. https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/smartphone-dan-gadget-lain-berbahaya-bagi-mata.html 18 Oktober 2014
narative essay for Mid test
0
My journey to college
Name: Sansan Arisandi
Nim: 1630911016
for: Mid Test (revised 4)
I was a student at the university, I took the opposite department with my ability. I entered the university to intended to got a degree in the field of literature. I always loved the English language. because I was reluctant to count. Although, it does not as easy as I think, because, I did not know much about the English, and I was reluctant to read the books. However, I had the bigs a dream and high aspiration in the understanding English. Sometimes, In the writing class, the lecturer gave us an assignment. That was My first assignment to made an essay and uploaded to the blog. I was very nervous about these assignments. Even though the lecturer gave our totality freedom. He wants our student hard worked and develops their mindset. I wondered, what the good way to finish this task? I was felt nervous to wrote the essay and I wasn't incorrect for my first assignment. Because My English was still very basic. My habit was lazy to write, and I was like to play social media made me difficult to finished this task.
Full of pressure, My first step was I read the method essay book from the lecturer and many references to these essay. To make me really sure what was knew about those. I did my best to take careful notes. Yet even after I took all these notes, book, and many references, then knew the essay inside and outside. I still did not know the right answer. What was I input on my essay? I could think of a million different theme of the written essay, but which one was correct and the lecturer want? I was used to an example and written in the Indonesian language. But those time My references and example should I understand in the English language. This assignment gave me a big problem. I completely on my own to come up with my individual mind. I felt useless to live, and I was want to exit in this department and moved to another department. Although I was given the positive thinking to this problem. Then I knew what should I do to My future life. Finally, I was work this assignment work hard until overtime work.
Next, when I sat down to write, however, the word just did not come to me. My ideas were all present, But the vocabulary and I did not understand the structure. I decided to try every prewriting strategy I could know. I was brainstormed, made idea maps and even wrote the first essay in the Indonesian language. Eventually, after a lot of stress, my ideas became more organized and the word fell on the page. I had my ideas about the ways to wrote an essay and I had my reasons for the assignment writing essay. I remember being unsure of myself, wondering what do I wrote that right, or if I was even on the right track. Through all the uncertainty, I continued writing the best I could. I finished the conclusion paragraph, had my friend proofread that for errors, and turned it in the next time simply hoping for the best.
Then, a week later, came to the correction day by my Lecturer. The lecturer has opened the essay all the students and gave the correction and grades us well we revise next time. Then, if we always to extend this assignment the lecturer can give the good score for the student. I remember, at the time I felt simultaneously afraid. However, that I had nothing to worry about. Then, I was the hard work to extend this assignment. Last Time, I was very surprised because the lecturer gave me a good score for my assignment. And his notes suggested that Wrote an effective essay overall and so just pick up. He wrote that my reading of the essay was very original and that my thoughts were well organized. My relief and newfound confidence upon reading his comments made me continued to learn English for success next time, then to change all my life.
What I learned through this process and that is made the changes in my life. I was learned to be open to new challenges. This class and assignment gave me the self-confident, critical thinking skills, and courage to try a new daily activity in every free time. I left the habit of a waste of time and I began to hobby read many books. Most important is the English grammar book helping me in the good writing and good speech. More important, that class and paper helped me understand education differently. Instead of seeing college as a direct stepping stone to a career, I learned to see college as a place to first learn and then seek a career or enhance an existing career. By giving me the space to express my own interpretation and to argue for my own values. My writing class taught me the importance of education for education’s sake, because completely dark before the dawn.
Revise: 4
Argumentative essay by Sansan As
0
In this era, the smartphone is the very popular substance for everyone. The upper class until middle class have the smartphone. The smartphone can give the easy way to other people, like on the socialization, work, and refreshing. however, you are should know the rules of using the smartphone because the smartphone not only gives a positive benefit but can give the negative effect. Most important for children to apply smartphone. The children can have a much impact on children life from the smartphone, therefore the role of the parent is very important for the children. This essay argues that parent should be to control child on the applying smartphone in every day.
First, actually, the smartphone can help the children gives very much knowledge, they can meet with many friends in social media, they are can watching tutorial learn on the internet. But, the parent should monitor the children on the content they are applying. Because on the smartphone found very much negative content, if the parent does not control very well, it is possible the children can open the negative content on the website. Negative content can interfere with the development of the child's brain. The child protection which UNICEF Asia east-pacific ocean said, the parent together with the parties is important about to need to do work together to protect children from the dangers of the negative internet that can produce harmful effects for children.
Second, the smartphone has significant benefits for the children, when on the weekend the children can play their favorite game. The game can help to reduce stress, because of pressure in studying in school. With the game in person, the children are able to train the balance sensory and motor of the child. The psychologist, Evangeline I said that " better should not to forbid the children to play, because if in the normal limit and proportionate the game has the positive effect on the child. But the parent should manage the time when the children play the game on the smartphone because if they happy playing game can make the lost track of time than they can forget they work, playing the game long time can give the danger effect for eyes that can make the time of disturbed sleep, and can make unfinished homework.
finally, the parent very important to control children on play smartphone, because of the smartphone is the thing that emits radiation. actually, the radiation smartphone does not the same with X-ray because the x-ray is very dangerous. although the radiation smartphone has the many adverse effects not only for children but for everyone. even the radiation smartphone to cause many diseases like cancer, interfere with the fertility of the genitals. According to the theory, the radiation more easily absorbed by children than adults because of their skulls thin, the brain more easily absorbs as well as the size of the body is small.
In conclusion, the role of the parent in the use the smartphone by the children it is very important, because to childcare, and future life. the smartphone can give the positive effect but have some negative effect, going to that use the smartphone is required.
Name: Sansan Arisandi
Nim: 1630911016
Revisi: 2 (dua)
The role of the parent in the use of smartphones by the children
In this era, the smartphone is the very popular substance for everyone. The upper class until middle class have the smartphone. The smartphone can give the easy way to other people, like on the socialization, work, and refreshing. however, you are should know the rules of using the smartphone because the smartphone not only gives a positive benefit but can give the negative effect. Most important for children to apply smartphone. The children can have a much impact on children life from the smartphone, therefore the role of the parent is very important for the children. This essay argues that parent should be to control child on the applying smartphone in every day.
First, actually, the smartphone can help the children gives very much knowledge, they can meet with many friends in social media, they are can watching tutorial learn on the internet. But, the parent should monitor the children on the content they are applying. Because on the smartphone found very much negative content, if the parent does not control very well, it is possible the children can open the negative content on the website. Negative content can interfere with the development of the child's brain. The child protection which UNICEF Asia east-pacific ocean said, the parent together with the parties is important about to need to do work together to protect children from the dangers of the negative internet that can produce harmful effects for children.
Second, the smartphone has significant benefits for the children, when on the weekend the children can play their favorite game. The game can help to reduce stress, because of pressure in studying in school. With the game in person, the children are able to train the balance sensory and motor of the child. The psychologist, Evangeline I said that " better should not to forbid the children to play, because if in the normal limit and proportionate the game has the positive effect on the child. But the parent should manage the time when the children play the game on the smartphone because if they happy playing game can make the lost track of time than they can forget they work, playing the game long time can give the danger effect for eyes that can make the time of disturbed sleep, and can make unfinished homework.
finally, the parent very important to control children on play smartphone, because of the smartphone is the thing that emits radiation. actually, the radiation smartphone does not the same with X-ray because the x-ray is very dangerous. although the radiation smartphone has the many adverse effects not only for children but for everyone. even the radiation smartphone to cause many diseases like cancer, interfere with the fertility of the genitals. According to the theory, the radiation more easily absorbed by children than adults because of their skulls thin, the brain more easily absorbs as well as the size of the body is small.
In conclusion, the role of the parent in the use the smartphone by the children it is very important, because to childcare, and future life. the smartphone can give the positive effect but have some negative effect, going to that use the smartphone is required.
Name: Sansan Arisandi
Nim: 1630911016
Revisi: 2 (dua)
Final Test Research Paper - Ilham Maulana F.
0
OUTLINE
THE CORELATION BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND MENTAL
ILLNESSES
by :
ILHAM MAULANA
FIRDAUS
NIM : 1630911024
English Literature
Erik Candra Pertala
M. Hum
July 04, 2018
OUTLINE
Thesis
: There is a corelation between creativity and mental illness which causes most
of creative people are tend to have mental ilnesses
I.
Introduction
A.
Creativity
1.
What
is creativity
2.
What
are kinds of creativity
3.
Who
are the creative people
B.
Mental
Illnesses
1.
What
is mental illnesses
2.
What
are the main types of mental ilnesses
II.
The
connection between creativity and mental illnesses
1.
What
is the correlation between creative people and mental illnesss
2.
The
studies about the correlation between creativity people and mental illnesss
III.
Problem
and solutions about creative people’s mental illnesses
1.
Concerned
with their creativity
A. Problem : Creative people who
have mental ilness will lose the mood to create works again
B. Solutions
1.) Personally : Creative people
should to make their mind fresh again, so they can restore their mood
2.) Society : the people around
them should support them by encouraging them work to make creative people back
in mood again
2.
Concerned
with their mental health
A.
Problem
: Creative people are very tortured with their mental illnesses which it can
lead them to commit suicide
B.
Solutions
1.)
Personally
: Creative people should not give up on their mental illnesses
2.)
Society
: Their closest people should help and guide them to overcome their mental illnesses
IV.
Conclusion
V.
Work
Cited
From the past until now, there
are so many works that had been created by creative people. Many of the works
they have made was contributed to the development of times. Of course, not
everyone in this world can create works like these people made, that because
creative people have something special which make them different than ordinary
people. Creative people are have a high level of creativity which make them
more innovative in creating new things that different from the existing ones. Although
most of people are thinks those creative people are looks so enjoying in
creating their works, but they dont know that many of them are having serious
mental health problems. Those creative people are more tend to have several
mental health problems, this is because there is a corelation between
creativity and mental illness.
Firstly we will talk about creativity,
what is creativity?. Creativity is often described in several terms, such as
“creative thinking”, or ability”, “problem solving”, “imagination,” or
“innovation”. Many definition involve an aspect of problem solving, where the
solution to the problem requires insight (e.g, Simonton, 1999; Sternberg and
Davidson, 1995). Creativity has been identified as an important component in
problem solving and other cognitive abilities, as well as being a predictor for
educational success, and mental and social well-being (Plucker, Beghetto &
Dow, 2004).
Creativity is the ability to
produce work that is novel (i.e original, unexpected)” (Sternberg and Lubart,
1999). According from the Cambridge University Dictionary, creativity means the
ability to produce original and unusual ideas, or to make something new. So, creativity
is an ability that people have to able them to create something new by using
their creative ideas or innovation and it also make them able to solve problems
much easily.
According from Donald N.
MacKinnon, a researchers from the Institute of Personality Assessement and Research
Laboratory (IPAR), creativity is divided into three of kinds. The first is
artistic creativity, which is reflects the creator’s inner needsm of perception
and motivation. The second type is scientific and technological creativity,
which deals with some problem of the environtment and result in novel solutions
but exhibits little of the inventor’s personality. The third type is hybrid
creativity that found in such fields such as architecture that exhibits both a novel
problem, solution and the personality of the creator (MacKinnon, 2005).
Then, what are the creative
people?. Creative people are those people which are different than ordinary/less
creative people, they are often very intelligent, but are also a little more naive
than ordinar people. They tend to have a varying array of traits that relate to
playfulness and discipline, responsibility and irresponsibility. They are
rooted in reality yet also can alternate between imagination and fantasy. They
are both passionate and critical about their work and are sensitive to a point
that yields both extreme joy and extreme pain. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996)
There are also the 10
antithetical traits that often present in creative people that are integrated
with each other in a dialectical tension that mentioned by Csikszentmihalyi :
1.
Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they're also often
quiet and at rest.
2.
Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time.
3.
Creative people combine playfulness and discipline, or responsibility and
irresponsibility.
4. Creative
people alternate between imagination and fantasy, and a rooted sense of
reality.
5.
Creative people tend to be both extroverted and introverted.
6.
Creative people are humble and proud at the same time.
7.
Creative people, to an extent, escape rigid gender role stereotyping.
8.
Creative people are both rebellious and conservative.
9. Most creative people are very
passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well.
10. Creative people's openness
and sensitivity often exposes them to suffering and pain, yet also to a great deal of enjoyment.
Now, lets
talk about mental illness. According from an Australian Government Department
of Health and Ageing’s brochure “What is mental illness?”, mental illness is a
health problem that significally affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves,
and interacts with other people. Mental health problems are more common and
include the mental ill health that can be experienced temporary as a reaction
to the stressess of life. This health problem are less severe than mental
illnesses, but may develop into a mental ilness if they are not effectively
dealt with. Mental illnessess cause a great deal of suffering to those who
experiencing them, as well as their families and friends.
Mental illness
has three main kinds of form, the first one is depression, depression is a mood
of emotional state that is marked by feeling or self-worth or guilt and a
reduced ability to enjoy life, and a feeling of low mood that lasts for a long
time that affects people’s everyday life. There also some specific symptom that
related to it, those symptomps are feeling of sadness, worthlessness, fatigue,
guilt and difficulity concentrating or making decisions (Smeltzer, 2010). In
it’s mildest form, depression doesn’t stop people to leading a normal life, but
it makes everything harder to do and seem less worthwhile. At its most severe,
depression can make people feel suicidal, and be life-threathening (Mind, 2016).
The second
type of main mental illnesses is Anxiety, Anxiety is a general term for several
disorders that cause nervousness, fear, apphrehension, and worrying. The
American Psychological Association (APA) defines anxiety as “an emotion
characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes
like blood pressure”. This disored can be divided into six main types, those
are ; Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Panic disorder, Phobia,
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and
the last is Social Anxiety disorder (SAD). Anxiety is one of the important
normally and regularly occurring emotions, which can be observed throughout all
human cultures and also in several animal species. (Damasio and Carvalho, 2013).
Furthermore, the third type of
the main mental illness is schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious long-term
mental disorder which affects how a person, feels and acts. People with
schizophrenia may have difficulity in distinguishing between what is real and
what is imaginary. People can suffer this mental problem at various stages of
age, but the symptoms of this disease is usually appears within the age range
from 20 to 30 years. The hallmark symptom of this disease is psychosis, such as
experiencing auditory hallucination (voices) and delusions (McGrath, 2008).
The main adverse
effects from Schizophrenia to people are;
-
Social
withdrawal, such as being closed to people, cold, selfish, secluding from
others, etc.
-
Lack
of motivation, loss of interest in things around even their persomal hygiene and
self-care.
So, is it any corelation between creative
people and the mental illnesses?. As described by Goodwin and Jamison (1990),
many of creative people are having some mental ilnesses, most have biopolar
disorder, but some have depression, personality disorder, substance use disorder,
or even schizophrenia. Also, several scientific studies have demostrated there
is a connection between creativity and mental illness, including bipolar
disorder and schizophrenia. Even though these creative people can solve their
problems much easily than ordinary people do, but they are still have a
struggle to overcome their mental ilness. Many of creative people are exposed
to mental health problems, this can be proved because some of famous creative genius
such as Michelangelo, Beethoven, Van Gogh, etc. was tortured by various mental
health problems, and its not wrong that Aristotle once said “No great genius
has ever existed without a strain of madness”.
A possible link between mental
illness and creative output has been documented throughout history. Even though
the association between bipolar disorder and creativity first appeared in the
literature back in 1970’s, but the idea of a link between “madness” (mental
illness), and “genius: (creativity) is actually much older, as it goes back to
the time of Aristotle and the Ancient Greeks when the idea between the
corelation between creativity and mental illness comes to appear for the first
time.
There are some studies about the
correlation between creativity and mental that was arranged by some experts.
Some studies have shown that those people who are highly creative also run a
higher risk of depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder According from
one study that was published by About Suicide from American Foundation for
Suicide Prevention in 2000, creative people are much more prone to depression
that resulting them to doing suicide. Biographical studies of great writers and
artist consistently show the high average of depression (manic depression ) and
suicide rates. A study that conducted by A. Ludwig in 1992 to the generations
of early writers and artist claimed that their chance of depression were eight
times greater than ordinary people, and even their average suicide rate was 18
times greater.
In 2013, Journal of Psychiatric
Research was found that people who made their living through either scientific
or creative occupation, were more have bipolar, or a relative with the
condition. The researchers concluded that, “being an author was specifically
associated with increased likelihood of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder,
unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, substence abuse, and suicide”. Another study
that was arranged in Sweden which used about 700,000 teenagers as the subject
found that those who were exceptionally creative, were also four times more
likely to have bipolar. This condition is represented by the subject’s mood
that alternating between the phases of extreme happiness, and the crippling
depression.
There are several problems that
comes from their mental illnesses. The first one, a creative people are usually
losing mood in creating new things because he feels so stressed and pressured.
The stress and pressure he has felt makes him no longer to have the spirit and
motivation in the work, he becomes very difficult in finding inspiration and
ideas, and it also makes him become very reluctant to do the usual activities
in his normal life. To solve this problem, that creative people should takes a
break in all of his activities for a while, so he can recreating in order to
reduce the stress that he felt and also to restore his mood again. He can do
the recreation either by doing a holiday to some places or any other kinds of
activities that keeps him stay away from the stress and pressure. Besides the
effort from that creative people, this problem also can be solved with the help
that comes from the people around him such as his family or friends. They can
help him by doing a routine talk with him, this is a best way to get everything
out of his mind. In the conversation, they also need to add some encouraging
words to help him getting back his mood again and he became more enthusiastic
in doing all of his activities.
Next is the second problem and
also the worst problem, a creative people sometimes felt so tortured with his mental
illnesses, he had already given up with all those mental ilnesses and makes him
become feels so down which it can lead him to doing suicide. This is the worst
phase of his suffering, because he becomes very desperate and no longer have
passion on living his life anymore. Suicide is not the way that he can do to be
free from his mental health problems, it is a very wrong decision because it
can cause negative effects not only for him, also to the people around him. In
this case, on the heart of a creative people must have the believe that he will
be able to recover from his mental illness. He should instill the thoughts on
his heart that suicide is not the right way he must do to take him free from
all of his mental illnesses, but it will cause bad impacts which one of it is will
make his family become very saddened because of his death.
Then he also needs help from the
people around him, just like the first problem solving, they should do a
routine talk with him about his problem, in order to make him clear out all his
negative thoughts which is the factor that he wanted to end his life. By doing
a routine talk, they will slowly makes him overcome his mental ilnesses with
the words that contains many suggestion and encouragement for him. And also,
those close people can do an alternative way to overcome his mental health
problem by suggesting them to go to a psychiatrist for therapy, they must
accompany him at first to make him more comfortable in doing the theraphy.
After doing the theraphy, the psychiatrist will definetly give some kinds of
medicines for his mental illness. Then, they need to cooperate with the
psyciatrist in overseeing the usage of his medicine also with the progress of
his mental condition.
In conclusion, creativity is an
ability to thinking, imaginating and problem solving, creative people are those
people with that ability which using their creativity to creating a new
innovation that comes from their ideas. Then, mental illnesses is several
mental health problem that changes someone in many aspects. There are 3 main
kinds of mental ilnesss : depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. It has been
noticed that there is a connection between creativity and mental illness, a
creative people are tend to have mental illnesses than ordinary people which
this fact was proved by some studies from exprets. Creative people have several
mental health such as stress and depression because he felt so pressured,
usually that pressure comes from his activities, also. The impact of his mental
illness is diverse, such as losing mood to creating work and makes him so
hopeless which it could led him to commiting
suicide. To solve those problems, both the creative person also the people
around him shouuld be able to do in some various way, but the point is that
creative people are must strive to survive from his mental ilness and also
accompanied by the help that comes from the support from his closest people.
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